What is stage 4 kidney disease symptoms and is it the same things as End Stage renal disease?

Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD):Definition and Diagnosis: Stage 4 CKD signifies a severe decline in kidney function, with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ranging from 15 to 29 milliliters per minute per 1.73 square meters. Diagnosis is based on lab tests measuring GFR and assessing kidney damage markers like proteinuria, albuminuria, or abnormal kidney imaging.Symptoms: Stage 4 CKD presents various symptoms, including:Fatigue: Due to anemia resulting from decreased erythropoietin production by the kidneys.Fluid Retention: Edema in legs and feet due to impaired fluid regulation by the kidneys.Nausea and Vomiting: Buildup of waste products and electrolyte imbalances affect gastrointestinal function.Changes in Urination: Decreased urine output, changes in urine color due to decreased kidney function.Itching: Accumulation of waste products like urea in the bloodstream causing pruritus.Muscle Cramps: Electrolyte imbalances and metabolic disturbances lead to muscle cramping.Difficulty Concentrating: Impaired cognitive function due to uremic toxins affecting the brain.Management and Treatment: Treatment focuses on slowing disease progression and managing symptoms. Interventions may include:Medications: ACE inhibitors or ARBs to control blood pressure and manage proteinuria, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents to treat anemia, diuretics to manage fluid retention."zone name","placement name","placement id","code (direct link)" direct-link-1685810,DirectLink_5,22546669,https://balloonsbuild.com/agcrizwj?key=aee4956862de6750a0c28a74dd92a1a4 direct-link-1685810,DirectLink_6,22549989,https://balloonsbuild.com/utqmdppsx?key=3173bc6a650306f8885c9eb599288ac2 direct-link-1685810,DirectLink_1,22489612,https://balloonsbuild.com/yaafjkf2?key=4f227fc403ab3939ed8a7d75e1a41c0c direct-link-1685810,DirectLink_2,22495208,https://balloonsbuild.com/h2pwx7amy?key=a6d660f94d793ff2a033399b890e84d5 direct-link-1685810,DirectLink_3,22508418,https://balloonsbuild.com/p1xeixxffe?key=39fb251404a4a7da289962358b69a81e direct-link-1685810,DirectLink_4,22523045,https://balloonsbuild.com/a2j9pta6fw?key=cd2e20eebc70714f6dc788d804d5141a direct-link-1685810,DirectLink_8,22620929,https://balloonsbuild.com/f4vr42pvd?key=fb944d40e390dededd3254362b67eb69 direct-link-1685810,DirectLink_7,22618436,https://balloonsbuild.com/ve2nkqftfm?key=fc28003488ca509a9252a08345e66db6 Dietary Modifications: Restriction of sodium, potassium, and phosphorus intake to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.Lifestyle Changes: Smoking cessation, regular exercise, weight management, and limiting alcohol intake to improve overall health.Monitoring: Regular follow-up appointments to assess kidney function, manage complications, and adjust treatment plans accordingly.Complications: Stage 4 CKD increases the risk of various complications, including:Cardiovascular Disease: Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and uremia contribute to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.Mineral and Bone Disorders: Hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and secondary hyperparathyroidism leading to renal osteodystrophy.Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances: Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and volume overload due to impaired kidney function.Uremic Syndrome: Accumulation of uremic toxins affecting multiple organ systems, leading to uremic symptoms.End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD):Definition and Diagnosis: ESRD represents the final stage of CKD, where kidney function is less than 15% of normal. Diagnosis is based on persistent kidney failure requiring renal replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplantation) to sustain life.Symptoms: Symptoms of ESRD are similar to stage 4 CKD but often more severe due to complete kidney failure. In addition to the symptoms mentioned earlier, individuals with ESRD may experience:Severe Fatigue: Anemia worsens due to inadequate erythropoietin production.Shortness of Breath: Pulmonary congestion and fluid overload exacerbate respiratory symptoms.Peripheral Neuropathy: Nerve damage leading to tingling, numbness, or weakness in the extremities.Seizures: Electrolyte imbalances, especially hyperkalemia, increase the risk of seizures.Uremic Encephalopathy: Cognitive impairment, confusion, and coma due to uremic toxins affecting the central nervous system.Management and Treatment: Treatment of ESRD involves renal replacement therapy:Dialysis: Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis to remove waste products, excess fluid, and electrolytes from the bloodstream.Kidney Transplantation: Surgical transplantation of a healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor to replace failed kidneys and restore kidney function.Prognosis: Without renal replacement therapy, ESRD is fatal. Dialysis and kidney transplantation significantly improve survival and quality of life for individuals with ESRD. However, both treatments require lifelong management and have associated risks and complications.In conclusion, stage 4 CKD and ESRD represent different stages of kidney disease, with ESRD being the most severe form requiring renal replacement therapy for survival. Management strategies aim to slow disease progression, alleviate symptoms, and improve quality of life for affected individuals. Early detection, timely intervention, and comprehensive care are crucial in optimizing outcomes for patients with kidney disease.